How Many Function Keys Were on the Sinclair ZX Spectrum+?

This article provides a definitive answer regarding the hardware specifications of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum+ keyboard, specifically focusing on the count of dedicated function keys. It outlines the differences between this model and its predecessor, describes the physical layout of the keys, and explains their intended purpose for users during the mid-1980s computing era.

The Keyboard Redesign

When Sinclair Research released the ZX Spectrum+ in 1984, one of the most significant upgrades over the original 1982 ZX Spectrum was the new keyboard assembly. The original model was notorious for its rubber-keyed interface, which lacked dedicated keys for many commands and required complex shift combinations to access keywords. The Spectrum+ was designed to address user complaints by introducing a more professional, plastic-keyed interface that improved typing reliability and access to common commands.

Physical Function Key Count

The specific answer to the hardware configuration question is that there were 10 function keys physically present on the Sinclair ZX Spectrum+ keyboard. These keys were labeled F1 through F10 and were distinct from the main alphanumeric keys. They were arranged in two rows of five keys each, located at the top left section of the keyboard above the number row. This layout allowed programmers and gamers to access specific routines or load commands more quickly than was possible on the original rubber-keyed machine.

Layout and Utility

The ten function keys were membrane-switch based, consistent with the rest of the keyboard technology used in the Spectrum range, but they featured individual plastic keycaps for better tactile feedback. In BASIC programming, these keys could be programmed to execute specific lines of code or load sequences, streamlining the development process. While the original Spectrum relied heavily on keyword shortcuts accessed via the symbol shift key, the Spectrum+ dedicated physical real estate to these functions, marking a significant evolution in the home computer’s design philosophy before the release of the ZX Spectrum 128.